Beginner to Elementary Grammar A1
In this article, Beginner to Elementary Grammar A1 learners study English sentence structure.
Guide complet des temps anglais
Les temps anglais deviennent plus faciles quand on les apprend comme un systeme de temps et aspect : present, passe, futur, simple, continu, perfect et perfect continuous.
Ce guide de grammaire ESL explique les 12 temps anglais avec des regles claires, des formes verbales, une ligne du temps, des exemples, des mots reperes et des erreurs frequentes.
Les temps simples montrent des faits, des routines, des actions terminees et un futur de base ; les temps continus montrent des actions en cours.
Les temps perfect relient deux moments, tandis que les perfect continuous insistent sur la duree avant maintenant, avant un point passe ou avant un point futur.
Utilise cette carte pour choisir le bon temps anglais en expression orale, en ecriture, dans les quiz de grammaire et dans la communication reelle.
Les 12 temps anglais ne sont pas 12 idees separees. Ils se forment en combinant trois temps de base avec quatre aspects.
Le temps repond a la question : present, passe ou futur. L aspect repond a une autre question : fait simple, action en cours, action terminee ou duree avant un point.
Quand tu vois une phrase comme She has been working for two hours., tu ne regardes pas seulement le verbe. Tu demandes aussi quelle relation de temps elle exprime.
| Temps | Forme principale | Sens principal | Exemples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present simple Present Simple |
Subject + base verb / verb-s | habitudes, faits, routines, horaires et verites generales | She studies every evening. |
| Past simple Past Simple |
Subject + past verb | actions terminees, evenements passes complets et ordre du recit dans un temps fini | She studied yesterday. |
| Future simple Future Simple |
Subject + will + base verb | predictions, promesses, offres, decisions rapides et faits futurs | She will study tomorrow. |
| Present continuous Present Continuous |
Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing | actions en cours maintenant, situations temporaires, changements et arrangements futurs | She is studying now. |
| Past continuous Past Continuous |
Subject + was/were + verb-ing | actions en cours a un moment passe, actions de fond et interruptions dans le passe | She was studying at seven. |
| Future continuous Future Continuous |
Subject + will be + verb-ing | actions qui seront en cours a un moment futur precis | She will be studying at eight. |
| Present perfect Present Perfect |
Subject + have/has + past participle | actions passees liees a maintenant, experience de vie, nouvelles recentes et temps non termine | She has finished the report. |
| Past perfect Past Perfect |
Subject + had + past participle | actions terminees avant une autre action ou un autre moment passe | She had finished before I arrived. |
| Future perfect Future Perfect |
Subject + will have + past participle | actions qui seront terminees avant un moment ou une action future | She will have finished by Friday. |
| Present perfect continuous Present Perfect Continuous |
Subject + have/has been + verb-ing | actions commencees dans le passe et qui continuent maintenant, ou actions recentes avec preuve presente | She has been studying for two hours. |
| Past perfect continuous Past Perfect Continuous |
Subject + had been + verb-ing | actions qui ont continue jusqu a une autre action ou un autre moment passe | She had been studying before the test. |
| Future perfect continuous Future Perfect Continuous |
Subject + will have been + verb-ing | actions qui continueront jusqu a un moment futur, avec accent sur la duree | She will have been studying for two hours by noon. |
Imagine chaque temps comme un point ou une ligne sur une ligne du temps. Simple est direct, continuous est en cours, perfect regarde en arriere depuis un point, et perfect continuous mesure une duree jusqu a un point.
Les temps simples presentent l action directement. Ils servent pour les faits, les routines, les evenements termines et les idees futures sans idee de progression ou de duree.
Les temps continus utilisent be plus verb-ing. Ils montrent une action ouverte, temporaire, non terminee ou en cours a un moment precis.
Les temps perfect utilisent have plus le participe passe. Ils relient un moment a un autre en montrant l achevement, le resultat, l experience ou l ordre.
Les temps perfect continuous utilisent have been plus verb-ing. Ils relient deux moments et mettent l accent sur la duree avant un point.
Les temps simples presentent l action directement. Ils servent pour les faits, les routines, les evenements termines et les idees futures sans idee de progression ou de duree.
Sens principal: habitudes, faits, routines, horaires et verites generales
| Affirmative | She studies every evening. |
|---|---|
| Negative | She does not study on Sundays. |
| Question | Does she study after work? |
| Incorrect | Correct | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
She study every day. | She studies every day. | Ajoute s ou es avec he, she, it et les noms singuliers. |
She does not studies here. | She does not study here. | Apres does not, utilise la base verbale. |
Sens principal: actions terminees, evenements passes complets et ordre du recit dans un temps fini
| Affirmative | She studied yesterday. |
|---|---|
| Negative | She did not study yesterday. |
| Question | Did she study yesterday? |
| Incorrect | Correct | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
Did she studied yesterday? | Did she study yesterday? | Apres did, utilise la base verbale. |
I have seen him yesterday. | I saw him yesterday. | Utilise le past simple avec un mot de temps passe termine comme yesterday. |
Sens principal: predictions, promesses, offres, decisions rapides et faits futurs
| Affirmative | She will study tomorrow. |
|---|---|
| Negative | She will not study tomorrow. |
| Question | Will she study tomorrow? |
| Incorrect | Correct | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
She will studies tomorrow. | She will study tomorrow. | Apres will, utilise la base verbale. |
When she will arrive, we will eat. | When she arrives, we will eat. | Apres when, before, after et until dans les propositions de temps futur, utilise le present simple. |
Les temps continus utilisent be plus verb-ing. Ils montrent une action ouverte, temporaire, non terminee ou en cours a un moment precis.
Sens principal: actions en cours maintenant, situations temporaires, changements et arrangements futurs
| Affirmative | She is studying now. |
|---|---|
| Negative | She is not studying now. |
| Question | Is she studying now? |
| Incorrect | Correct | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
She studying now. | She is studying now. | Les temps continus ont besoin de be avant verb-ing. |
I am knowing the answer. | I know the answer. | Beaucoup de verbes d etat utilisent des formes simples, pas des formes continues. |
Sens principal: actions en cours a un moment passe, actions de fond et interruptions dans le passe
| Affirmative | She was studying at seven. |
|---|---|
| Negative | She was not studying at seven. |
| Question | Was she studying at seven? |
| Incorrect | Correct | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
I was study at seven. | I was studying at seven. | Utilise was ou were plus verb-ing. |
They was working. | They were working. | Utilise were avec you, we et they. |
Sens principal: actions qui seront en cours a un moment futur precis
| Affirmative | She will be studying at eight. |
|---|---|
| Negative | She will not be studying at eight. |
| Question | Will she be studying at eight? |
| Incorrect | Correct | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
She will studying at eight. | She will be studying at eight. | Le future continuous a besoin de will be plus verb-ing. |
I will be finish at noon. | I will be finishing at noon. | Apres will be, utilise verb-ing quand le sens est en cours. |
Les temps perfect utilisent have plus le participe passe. Ils relient un moment a un autre en montrant l achevement, le resultat, l experience ou l ordre.
Sens principal: actions passees liees a maintenant, experience de vie, nouvelles recentes et temps non termine
| Affirmative | She has finished the report. |
|---|---|
| Negative | She has not finished the report. |
| Question | Has she finished the report? |
| Incorrect | Correct | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
I have saw that movie. | I have seen that movie. | Utilise le participe passe apres have ou has. |
I have seen him yesterday. | I saw him yesterday. | Utilise le past simple avec un temps passe termine. |
Sens principal: actions terminees avant une autre action ou un autre moment passe
| Affirmative | She had finished before I arrived. |
|---|---|
| Negative | She had not finished before I arrived. |
| Question | Had she finished before you arrived? |
| Incorrect | Correct | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
I had went home. | I had gone home. | Utilise le participe passe apres had. |
When I arrived, he left earlier. | When I arrived, he had left. | Utilise le past perfect pour l action la plus ancienne quand l ordre est important. |
Sens principal: actions qui seront terminees avant un moment ou une action future
| Affirmative | She will have finished by Friday. |
|---|---|
| Negative | She will not have finished by Friday. |
| Question | Will she have finished by Friday? |
| Incorrect | Correct | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
She will have finish by Friday. | She will have finished by Friday. | Apres will have, utilise le participe passe. |
By noon, I will finish already. | By noon, I will have finished. | Utilise le future perfect quand l achevement avant un point futur est le point important. |
Les temps perfect continuous utilisent have been plus verb-ing. Ils relient deux moments et mettent l accent sur la duree avant un point.
Sens principal: actions commencees dans le passe et qui continuent maintenant, ou actions recentes avec preuve presente
| Affirmative | She has been studying for two hours. |
|---|---|
| Negative | She has not been studying for long. |
| Question | Has she been studying for two hours? |
| Incorrect | Correct | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
I have working for two hours. | I have been working for two hours. | Le perfect continuous a besoin de have been ou has been plus verb-ing. |
I have been working since two hours. | I have been working for two hours. | Utilise for avec une duree et since avec un point de depart. |
Sens principal: actions qui ont continue jusqu a une autre action ou un autre moment passe
| Affirmative | She had been studying before the test. |
|---|---|
| Negative | She had not been studying before the test. |
| Question | Had she been studying before the test? |
| Incorrect | Correct | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
She had working before lunch. | She had been working before lunch. | Le past perfect continuous a besoin de had been plus verb-ing. |
She had been work for hours. | She had been working for hours. | Apres had been, utilise verb-ing. |
Sens principal: actions qui continueront jusqu a un moment futur, avec accent sur la duree
| Affirmative | She will have been studying for two hours by noon. |
|---|---|
| Negative | She will not have been studying for long by noon. |
| Question | Will she have been studying for two hours by noon? |
| Incorrect | Correct | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
She will have been study for two hours. | She will have been studying for two hours. | Apres will have been, utilise verb-ing. |
By noon, I will work here for three hours. | By noon, I will have been working here for three hours. | Utilise le future perfect continuous quand la duree jusqu a un point futur est l element important. |
Commence par le sens. Un mot de temps peut aider, mais il ne choisit pas le temps tout seul. Demande ce que la phrase dit sur la progression, l achevement, le lien et la duree.
| Si le sens est | Choisis |
|---|---|
| Routine, fait, action terminee ou futur de base | Choisis un temps simple. |
| Action en cours a un moment | Choisis un temps continu. |
| Achevement, resultat, experience ou anteriorite | Choisis un temps perfect. |
| Duree qui continue jusqu a un point | Choisis un temps perfect continuous. |
I worked yesterday. utilise le past simple parce que yesterday est un temps passe termine. I have worked here for three years. utilise le present perfect parce que la situation relie le passe a maintenant.
I will finish by Friday. parle d un plan futur. I will have finished by Friday. insiste sur le fait que l action sera terminee avant Friday.
Utilise ces taches apres avoir lu le guide. Elles t aident a passer de la reconnaissance des noms de temps au choix du bon temps dans de vraies phrases.
