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Ejemplo (Example):
[
{
"groupTitle": "Section 1: The Essentials",
"topics": [
{
"title": "Basic Greetings (Saludos)",
"explanation": "The most important words to start a conversation in Spanish.\n• **Hola**: Hello (used any time)\n• **Buenos días**: Good morning\n• **Buenas tardes**: Good afternoon/Good evening\n• **Buenas noches**: Good night\n• **Adiós**: Goodbye\n• **Hasta luego**: See you later",
"example": "- Hola, ¿cómo estás?\n- Estoy bien, ¿y tú?\n\n- Buenos días, señor.\n- Buenos días."
},
{
"title": "Polite Phrases (La Cortesía)",
"explanation": "Essential words for being polite.\n• **Por favor**: Please\n• **Gracias**: Thank you\n• **De nada**: You're welcome\n• **Perdón / Con permiso**: Pardon / Excuse me\n• **Lo siento**: I'm sorry",
"example": "- Un café, por favor.\n- Aquí tiene.\n- Muchas gracias.\n- De nada."
},
{
"title": "Introducing Yourself (Presentarse)",
"explanation": "How to introduce yourself and ask for someone's name.\n• **Me llamo...**: My name is... (lit. 'I call myself...')\n• **¿Cómo te llamas?**: What is your name? (informal)\n• **¿Cómo se llama usted?**: What is your name? (formal)\n• **Mucho gusto / Encantado(a)**: Nice to meet you.",
"example": "- Hola, me llamo David.\n- Encantada, David. Yo soy María."
}
]
},
{
"groupTitle": "Section 2: Core Grammar",
"topics": [
{
"title": "The Core: 'ser' vs. 'estar'",
"explanation": "Spanish has two verbs for 'to be'. This is the most important concept.\n• **ser**: Used for permanent or lasting things (identity, origin, time, descriptions).\n• **estar**: Used for temporary states or locations (feelings, location, conditions).",
"example": "ser (Permanent):\n• Yo **soy** de México. (I am from Mexico.)\n• Ella **es** alta. (She is tall.)\n\nestar (Temporary/Location):\n• Yo **estoy** en casa. (I am at home.)\n• Ella **está** cansada. (She is tired.)"
},
{
"title": "Gender: Masculine & Feminine",
"explanation": "Like French, all Spanish nouns have a gender. This affects the articles and adjectives.\n\n• Most nouns ending in **-o** are masculine.\n• Most nouns ending in **-a** are feminine.",
"example": "Masculine:\n• el libr**o** (the book)\n• un chic**o** (a boy)\n• El libro es pequeñ**o**. (The book is small.)\n\nFeminine:\n• la mes**a** (the table)\n• una chic**a** (a girl)\n• La mesa es pequeñ**a**. (The table is small.)"
},
{
"title": "Articles: Definite (el, la, los, las)",
"explanation": "The words for 'the'. They must agree in gender (M/F) and number (Singular/Plural) with the noun.\n\n• **el**: 'the' (masculine, singular)\n• **la**: 'the' (feminine, singular)\n• **los**: 'the' (masculine, plural)\n• **las**: 'the' (feminine, plural)",
"example": "• el gato (the cat)\n• la silla (the chair)\n• los gatos (the cats)\n• las sillas (the chairs)"
},
{
"title": "Articles: Indefinite (un, una, unos, unas)",
"explanation": "The words for 'a', 'an', or 'some'.\n\n• **un**: 'a' / 'an' (masculine)\n• **una**: 'a' / 'an' (feminine)\n• **unos**: 'some' (masculine, plural)\n• **unas**: 'some' (feminine, plural)",
"example": "• un perro (a dog)\n• una casa (a house)\n• unos libros (some books)\n• unas chicas (some girls)"
},
{
"title": "Possessive Adjectives",
"explanation": "Words used to show ownership (my, your, his, her, etc.).\n\n• **My**: mi, mis (plural)\n• **Your (inf)**: tu, tus (plural)\n• **His/Her/Your (formal)**: su, sus (plural)\n• **Our**: nuestro(s) / nuestra(s)\n\nNote: `su` can mean his, her, its, their, or your. Context is key!",
"example": "• Es **mi** libro. (It is my book.)\n• Son **mis** libros. (They are my books.)\n\n• Es **su** casa. (It is his/her/their/your house.)\n• Son **sus** casas. (They are his/her/their/your houses.)"
},
{
"title": "Negation (no)",
"explanation": "Making a sentence negative in Spanish is very simple. You just put the word **no** directly before the verb.",
"example": "Positive:\n• Hablo español. (I speak Spanish.)\n• Él come carne. (He eats meat.)\n\nNegative:\n• **No** hablo español. (I don't speak Spanish.)\n• Él **no** come carne. (He doesn't eat meat.)"
}
]
},
{
"groupTitle": "Section 3: Building Sentences (Verbs)",
"topics": [
{
"title": "Key Verbs: 'tener' & 'querer'",
"explanation": "Two fundamental 'go-to' verbs.\n• **tener**: To have (tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen)\n• **querer**: To want (quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, queréis, quieren)",
"example": "tener (to have):\n• **Tengo** un hermano. (I have a brother.)\n• **Tiene** 25 años. (He/She is 25 years old. - lit. 'has 25 years')\n\nquerer (to want):\n• **Quiero** un taco. (I want a taco.)"
},
{
"title": "Regular -AR Verbs",
"explanation": "The most common verb group. To 'conjugate', remove the -ar and add an ending for the subject.",
"example": "Pattern for 'hablar' (to speak):\n• Yo habl**o** (I speak)\n• Tu habl**as** (You speak)\n• Él/Ella/Ud. habl**a** (He/She/You speak)\n• Nosotros habl**amos** (We speak)\n• Vosotros habl**áis** (You all speak - Spain)\n• Ellos/Ellas/Uds. habl**an** (They speak)"
},
{
"title": "Regular -ER Verbs",
"explanation": "The second group of regular verbs. They follow a similar pattern.",
"example": "Pattern for 'comer' (to eat):\n• Yo com**o** (I eat)\n• Tu com**es** (You eat)\n• Él/Ella/Ud. com**e** (He/She/You eat)\n• Nosotros com**emos** (We eat)\n• Vosotros com**éis** (You all eat - Spain)\n• Ellos/Ellas/Uds. com**en** (They eat)"
},
{
"title": "Regular -IR Verbs",
"explanation": "The third group. The pattern is very similar to -ER verbs, except for 'nosotros' and 'vosotros'.",
"example": "Pattern for 'vivir' (to live):\n• Yo viv**o** (I live)\n• Tu viv**es** (You live)\n• Él/Ella/Ud. viv**e** (He/She/You live)\n• Nosotros viv**imos** (We live)\n• Vosotros viv**ís** (You all live - Spain)\n• Ellos/Ellas/Uds. viv**en** (They live)"
}
]
},
{
"groupTitle": "Section 4: Vocabulary & Questions",
"topics": [
{
"title": "Basic Questions",
"explanation": "How to ask common questions. Note the upside-down question mark **¿** at the beginning.\n• **¿Quién?**: Who?\n• **¿Qué?**: What?\n• **¿Dónde?**: Where?\n• **¿Cuándo?**: When?\n• **¿Por qué?**: Why?\n• **¿Cómo?**: How?\n• **¿Cuánto?**: How much?\n• **¿Cuál?**: Which?",
"example": "• ¿Dónde está el baño? (Where is the bathroom?)\n• ¿Qué es eso? (What is that?)\n• ¿Por qué estudias español? (Why do you study Spanish?)"
},
{
"title": "Numbers 0-20 (Los Números)",
"explanation": "Learning the first 20 numbers is essential.\n0: cero\n1: uno\n2: dos\n3: tres\n4: cuatro\n5: cinco\n6: seis\n7: siete\n8: ocho\n9: nueve\n10: diez\n11: once\n12: doce\n13: trece\n14: catorce\n15: quince\n16: dieciséis\n17: diecisiete\n18: dieciocho\n19: diecinueve\n20: veinte",
"example": "• Tengo dos gatos. (I have two cats.)\n• Hay quince personas. (There are fifteen people.)"
},
{
"title": "Days & Months (Días y Meses)",
"explanation": "Note: In Spanish, days and months are *not* capitalized.\n\n• **Days (los días)**: lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado, domingo\n• **Months (los meses)**: enero, febrero, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre",
"example": "• La fiesta es el viernes. (The party is on Friday.)\n• Mi cumpleaños es en mayo. (My birthday is in May.)"
},
{
"title": "Family (La Familia)",
"explanation": "Common vocabulary for family members.\n• **la familia**: family\n• **el padre / la madre**: father / mother\n• **los padres**: parents\n• **el hermano / la hermana**: brother / sister\n• **el hijo / la hija**: son / daughter\n• **los hijos**: children (or sons)",
"example": "• Tengo un hermano y una hermana.\n• Mis padres viven en California."
},
{
"title": "Food (La Comida)",
"explanation": "Basic food vocabulary.\n• **el desayuno**: breakfast\n• **el almuerzo**: lunch\n• **la cena**: dinner\n• **el pan**: bread\n• **el queso**: cheese\n• **el pollo**: chicken\n• **el agua (f)**: water (uses 'el' for pronunciation)\n• **el vino**: wine\n• **la leche**: milk",
"example": "• Para el desayuno, como pan y bebo café.\n• Me gustaría un vaso de agua, por favor."
},
{
"title": "Telling Time (La Hora)",
"explanation": "To ask for the time: **¿Qué hora es?**\nTo answer:\n• **Es la una...** (It is 1:00... - used *only* for one o'clock)\n• **Son las dos...** (It is 2:00... - used for all other hours)\n\n• **y cuarto**: and a quarter (15)\n• **y media**: and a half (30)",
"example": "• ¿Qué hora es?\n• **Es la una** y media. (It's 1:30.)\n\n• ¿Qué hora es?\n• **Son las cinco** y cuarto. (It's 5:15.)"
}
]
},
{
"groupTitle": "Section 5: Other Tenses",
"topics": [
{
"title": "Past Tense (Preterite -ar)",
"explanation": "The 'pretérito' is the most common past tense for completed actions. Here are the endings for regular -AR verbs.",
"example": "Pattern for 'hablar' (to speak):\n• Yo habl**é** (I spoke)\n• Tu habl**aste** (You spoke)\n• Él/Ella/Ud. habl**ó** (He/She/You spoke)\n• Nosotros habl**amos** (We spoke)\n• Vosotros habl**asteis** (You all spoke)\n• Ellos/Ellas/Uds. habl**aron** (They spoke)\n\n• Ayer, **hablé** con mi madre. (Yesterday, I spoke with my mother.)"
},
{
"title": "Simple Future (ir + a)",
"explanation": "The most common and easiest way to talk about the future is using the formula:\n\n**ir + a + (infinitive verb)**\n(Going + to + do something)\n\nFirst, you conjugate the verb 'ir' (to go): **voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van**",
"example": "• Yo **voy a hablar**. (I am going to speak.)\n• Ella **va a comer**. (She is going to eat.)\n• Nosotros **vamos a vivir** en España. (We are going to live in Spain.)"
}
]
}
]